Lazar Berman skriver i Times of Israel om de tre dokument, delvis motstridiga, som Trumps fredssträvanden producerat. (Giving Hamas hope, Gaza’s future rests on three somewhat contradictory documents )
De tre dokumenten är:
- Trumps 20 punkts program från den 29 september, “Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict,” som intressant nog inte undertecknats av någon. Den kräver att Hamas avväpnas och inte skall ha någon roll i det kommande styret av Gaza samt att alla kidnappade både levande och döda skall friges inom 72 timmar. (Fortfarande en månad senare har 13 kroppar inte återlämnats)
- Implementation steps for President Trump’s proposal for a “Comprehensive End of Gaza War” undertecknades av Hamas och Israels förhandlare och medlarna i Sharm el-Sheikh den 9 oktober.
Den behandlar bara den fösta fasen av planen, frigivandet av fångarna. Den är en urvattnad version av 20 punkts planen och ger Hamas betydligt mera spelrum.
- The Trump Declaration for Enduring Peace and Prosperity
Den har undertecknats av USA:s president Donald J. Trump, Egyptens president Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, Qatars emir Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani och Turkiets president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Den här deklarationen nämner inte ens Hamas och är bara uttryck för en vag förhoppning om fred.
Några plock från Lazar Berman text:
Much of the ceasefire’s turbulence has come from Hamas violations and Israel’s desire to respond forcefully. Hamas’s behavior has put the entire deal at risk, but the truce and hostage-release phase had tensions baked in.
Its exact terms were not fully clear. The involved parties did not agree which ceasefire documents were binding. And no matter what Hamas believes its obligations are, the fact that the terms remain vague in important respects seems to give the group reason to believe it can find a way to evade the stated Trump vision of a Gaza in which Hamas plays no part whatsoever.
...Notably, however, the 20-point plan was never signed by Israel or Hamas.
It was, rather, publicly accepted by Netanyahu during his most recent White House visit on September 29.
And it was endorsed by Hamas in a statement issued on October 3, but with significant conditions.
“In order to achieve a cessation of hostilities and a complete withdrawal from the Gaza Strip,” said Hamas, “the movement announces its agreement to release all Israeli prisoners, both living and dead, according to the exchange formula contained in President Trump’s proposal, provided the field conditions for the exchange are met.”
It also said it “renews its agreement to hand over the administration of the Gaza Strip to a Palestinian body of independents (technocrats), based on Palestinian national consensus and Arab and Islamic support.”
Regarding the “other issues mentioned in President Trump’s proposal” — a euphemism for disarming — Hamas said these would “be discussed within a comprehensive Palestinian national framework.”
This was certainly not a firm, definitive, and explicit commitment to the 20 points. However, Trump chose to hail it immediately as evidence that Hamas was “ready for a lasting peace,” and has continued to treat Hamas’s response as acceptance.
...Speaking at the newly established US-Israel Civil-Military Coordination Center in Kiryat Gat last week, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio referred to countries “who signed onto this plan.”
“Everyone who signed onto this plan,” he said, “all of these other countries, agreed, everyone agreed, that Hamas cannot govern and cannot be involved in governing the future of Gaza. Everyone’s agreed to that.”
In fact, it is not clear that any of the countries that have signaled backing for Trump’s 20-point Gaza plan, including those that gathered at the Sharm summit and those that have sent representatives to the CMCC headquarters, have ever signed on to the idea of Hamas being pushed aside.
At best, Turkey, Qatar, and Egypt signed the Sharm declaration that welcomes the “implementation by all parties to the Trump Peace Agreement,” and committed to “implement this agreement in a manner that ensures peace, security, stability, and opportunity for all peoples of the region, including both Palestinians and Israelis.”
The many other countries at the Sharm summit signed nothing.
Israel, Hamas, and the Egyptian, Qatari, and American mediators signed the one-page October 9 document, but that only deals with the first phase of the deal, not the disarmament of Hamas or the governance of Gaza.
No one at all signed Trump’s 20-point plan, which explicitly calls for Hamas to give up its arms and any semblance of rule.
The ambiguity around what Israel and Hamas committed to, and to what exactly the countries overseeing the ceasefire’s implementation are bound, leaves plenty of room for Hamas to wriggle its way out of terms it does not like and to drag the process out.
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